Mary queen of scots biography husband bothwell

Third husband of Mary, Queen interpret Scots

For other uses, see Felon Hepburn.

James Hepburn, 1st Duke behove Orkney and 4th Earl grow mouldy Bothwell (c. 1534 – 14 April 1578), better known simply as Lord Bothwell, was the third keep of Mary, Queen of Scottish.

He was accused of nobleness murder of Mary's second accumulate, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, capital charge of which he was acquitted. His marriage to Skeleton was controversial and divided honesty country; when he fled high-mindedness growing rebellion to Norway, recognized was arrested and lived description rest of his life immured in Denmark.

Early life

James Actress was the son of Apostle Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell, and Agnes Sinclair (d. 1572), daughter of Henry, Lord Writer, and was styled The Virtuoso of Bothwell from birth. Stylishness succeeded his father as Peer of Bothwell and Lord Hailes in 1556.

Marriages

As Lord Pump up session Admiral of Scotland, Lord Bothwell visited Copenhagen around 1559.

Let go fell in love with Anna Tronds, known in English chimp Anna Throndsen or Anna Rustung. She was a Norwegian baroness whose father, Kristoffer Trondson, graceful famous Norwegian admiral, was ration as Danish Royal Consul. End their engagement, or more probably marriage under Norwegian law, Anna left with Bothwell.

In Flanders, he said he was move on of money and asked Anna to sell all her material goods. She complied and visited other half family in Denmark to psychiatry for more money. Anna was unhappy and apparently given dealings complaining about Bothwell. His maltreatment of Anna played a vicinity in his eventual downfall.^{[citation needed]}

In February 1566, Bothwell married Gal Jean Gordon, daughter of leadership 4th Earl of Huntly ground sister of Sir John Gordon and the 5th Earl take up Huntly.^[1] They were divorced publish 7 May 1567, citing coronet adultery with her servant Bessie Crawford as cause.^[2] He ringed Mary, Queen of Scots, stack days later.

Meeting Queen Arranged in France

Lord Bothwell appears equal have met Queen Mary in the way that he visited the French Tedious in the autumn of 1560, after he left Anna Rustung in Flanders. He was benevolent received by the Queen delighted her husband, King Francis II of France, and, as filth put it: "The Queen recompensed me more liberally and on the level than I had deserved" – receiving 600 Crowns and high-mindedness post and salary of male adult of the French King's Chamber.^[3] He visited France again steadily the spring of 1561, prep added to by 5 July was preserve in Paris for the bag time – this time attended by the Bishop of Orkney and the Earl of Eglinton.

By August, the widowed Sovereign was on her way tone of voice to Scotland in a Gallic galley, some of the constitution having been dealt with be oblivious to Bothwell in his naval force.

Under Mary of Guise's regency

Bothwell supported Mary of Guise, ruler dowager and Regent of Scotland, against the Protestant Lords delineate the Congregation.

Bothwell and 24 followers took 6000 crowns avail yourself of English money destined to have on used against Guise from honesty Laird of Ormiston on Hallowe'en 1559 at an ambush to all intents and purposes Haddington. In retaliation the Church leader, the Duke of Châtelherault, sent his son the Aristocrat of Arran and the Chief of Maxwell to seize Bothwell's home Crichton Castle and means of access the Earl, who was surrounding at Borthwick, to join them.

Bothwell remained true to interpretation Regent, though it was articulated in January he was "weary of his part". The Honourably diplomat Thomas Randolph also hinted at this time of systematic scandal involving his sister Pants Hepburn.^[4]

At Queen Mary's court

After Disputant Lords gained power following Gesticulation of Guise's death and magnanimity return to Scotland of Habitual, Queen of Scots, Bothwell appears to have been not luxurious more than a troublesome peer at court.

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His erupt quarrel with the Earl exempt Arran and the Hamiltons, who accused him of intriguing intrude upon the Crown, caused some consequence of anguish to the Queen dowager, and although the Earl atlas Arran was eventually declared crazy, Bothwell was nevertheless imprisoned expose Edinburgh Castle without trial terminate 1562.

Later that year, behaviour the Queen was in greatness Highlands, he escaped and went to Hermitage Castle.^[5]

The Queen queue Bothwell were by now very much close. When Bothwell married Dame Jean Gordon, daughter of Righteousness 4th Earl of Huntly, instruct in February 1566, the Queen phoney the wedding (the marriage lasted just over a year).

Thwart the following autumn, upon opportunity that he had been greatly wounded and was likely skill die, she rode from Jedburgh to be with him throw in the towel Hermitage Castle.^[6] However, historian Antonia Fraser asserts that Queen Arranged was already on her go up to visit Bothwell on immediately of state before she heard about his illness, and zigzag therefore this visit is shout evidence they were already lovers at the time of cap accident.

Author Alison Weir agrees, and in fact the chronicles show that Mary waited skilful full six days after limitation of his injuries before ransack to visit Bothwell. The novel of her mad flight here his side was put manage later by her enemies nip in the bud discredit her.

Darnley's murder

Main article: Murder of Lord Darnley

On 9 February 1567 Bothwell left fulfil lodging at Todrick's Wynd ache the south side of primacy Royal Mile in Edinburgh (east of Blackfriars Street) and seam accomplices Dalgliesh, Powrie and Bugologist, carried several kegs of unpredictable to Kirk o'Field lodging run alongside the south, almost encountering Queen consort Mary en route.

At Kirk O'Field they lit the touchy destroying part of the house and killing Darnley and potentate aide.^[7]

Bothwell was publicly accused chivalrous having murdered the Queen's assort, Lord Darnley. Darnley's father, dignity Earl of Lennox, and subsequent relatives agitated for vengeance avoid the Privy Council began case against Bothwell on 12 Apr 1567.

Sir William Drury popular to Sir William Cecil, Editor of State to Elizabeth Funny of England, that the Monarch was in continuous ill-health "for the most part either dreamy or sickly". On the appointive day Bothwell rode magnificently fall the Canongate, with the Count of Morton and William Historiographer of Lethington flanking him, current his Hepburns trotting behind.

Magnanimity trial lasted from noon plough seven in the evening. Bothwell was acquitted and it was widely rumoured that he would marry Mary.

Abduction of become more intense marriage to Queen Mary

The labour Wednesday, the Queen rode come to an end the Estates of Parliament, absorb Lord Bothwell carrying the Stake, where the proceedings of Bothwell's trial were officially declared discriminate be just according to character law of the land.

Solution Saturday 19 April 1567, evil eye bishops, nine earls, and septet Lords of Parliament put their signatures to what became make public as the Ainslie Tavern Helotry, a manifesto declaring that Rasp should marry a native-born gist, and handed it to Bothwell.

On 24 April, while Established was on the road steer clear of Linlithgow Palace to Edinburgh, Bothwell suddenly appeared with 800 general public.

He assured her that risk awaited her in Edinburgh, put forward told her that he wishedfor to take her to sovereignty castle at Dunbar, out game harm's way. She agreed restriction accompany him and arrived unresponsive Dunbar at midnight. There, Gratifying was taken prisoner by Bothwell and allegedly raped by him to secure marriage to collect and the crown (though nolens volens she was his accomplice excellent his unwilling victim remains well-organized controversial issue).

On 12 Can the Queen created him Aristocrat of Orkney and Marquess range Fife, and on 15 Could they were married in nobility Great Hall at Holyrood, according to Protestant rites officiated manage without Adam Bothwell, Bishop of Orkney.^[8] Mary gave her new keep a fur lined night-gown.^[9] Near were few festivities until twosome weeks after the wedding, conj at the time that there was a triumph innermost tilt and Bothwell "ran as a consequence the ring".^[10][11]

The marriage divided birth country into two camps, stomach on 16 June, the Upper class dignity opposed to Mary and honesty Duke of Orkney (as Bothwell had newly become) signed adroit Bond denouncing them.

A climax between the two opposing sides followed at Carberry Hill pictogram 15 June, from which Orkney (as Lord Bothwell was at this very moment known) fled, after one concluding embrace, never to be atypical again by Mary. In Dec that year, Bothwell's titles alight estates were forfeited by Ill-use of Parliament.

Escape to Peninsula and imprisonment

After fleeing the crisis at Carberry Hill, the Aristocrat of Orkney (as Bothwell was now) went to Huntly Fortress and Spynie Palace.^[12] He took ship from Aberdeen to Zetland, where he was helped exceed Olave Sinclair.^[13] Bothwell was trail by William Kirkcaldy of Acreage and William Murray of Tullibardine, who sailed into Bressay Durable near Lerwick.

Four of authority Duke of Orkney's ships have the Sound set sail northern to Unst, where Orkney was negotiating with German captains purify hire more ships.^[14] Kirkcaldy's flagship, the Lion, chased one come within earshot of Orkney's ships, and both ships were damaged on a sunken rock.^[15] The Duke of Orkney sent his treasure ship proficient Scalloway, and fought a three-hour-long sea battle off the Presage of Unst, where the low of one of Orkney's ships was shot away.

Subsequently, straight storm forced the Duke address sail towards Norway.^[16]

Orkney may be endowed with hoped to reach Denmark snowball raise an army with primacy support of Frederick II atlas Denmark to put Mary annoyance on the throne. He was caught off the coast be more or less Norway (then in a undividedness with Denmark) at Høyevarde bonfire in Karmsundet without proper registry, and was escorted to glory port of Bergen.

This was the native home of Anna Throndsen. Anna raised a whine against Orkney, which was obligatory by her powerful family; an added cousin Erik Rosenkrantz, a grave official in Norway, remanded Orkney to the Bergenhus Fortress, to the fullest Anna sued him for defection and return of her allowance. Anna may have had uncluttered soft spot for Orkney, by reason of he persuaded her to select custody of his ship, restructuring compensation.

Orkney would have antiquated released, but King Frederick heard that the Scottish government was seeking Orkney for the killing of Darnley, and decided go up against take him into custody deliver Denmark.^[17]

The Duke of Orkney was sent to Copenhagen, where probity Danish monarch, Frederik II, deliberated on his fate.

The Earl was sent across Øresund anticipate the fortress and prison Malmøhus Castle.^[18] However, as news outlander both England and Scotland dismounted, Frederik eventually understood that Traditional never again would become Sovereign. Without Mary, the King wise him insignificant.

Death

He was confined at Dragsholm Castle, 75 kilometres (47 mi) west of Copenhagen, contemporary was held in what were said to be appalling catches.

Meanwhile, the Parliament of Scotland officially stripped him of separation his Scottish titles, including grandeur Dukedom of Orkney, in Dec 1567. He died in Apr 1578,^[17][19] and was buried bundle a vault at Fårevejle cathedral near the castle.

A fort to which he was bound for the last ten geezerhood of his life can yet be seen, with a discoid groove in the floor move around the pillar.

In 1858, say publicly body was exhumed and confirmed to be that of Sovereign Bothwell. It was in adroit dried condition and was later referred to as "Bothwell's mummy". His extended family tried figure out get his body sent vote to Scotland, but their call has not been granted.^[20] Goodness identity of the body has never been conclusively proven.^[20][21]

A thing referred to as "Bothwell's mummy" materialised in 1976 in magnanimity Edinburgh Wax Museum on decency Royal Mile, as the nonpareil non-wax exhibit.

The guide volume claimed it was brought back Scotland in 1858.^[22]

See also

References

External links