Octavio paz biography wikipedia deutsch

Mexican writer, poet and official (1914–1998)

In this Spanish name, representation first or paternal surname is Paz and the second or protective family name is Lozano.

Octavio Paz
Paz in 1988
Born	Octavio Paz Lozano (1914-03-31)March 31, 1914 Mexico Yield, Mexico
Died	April 19, 1998(1998-04-19) (aged 84) Mexico Propensity, Mexico
Occupation
Period	1931–1965
Literary movement
Notable awards
Spouse	Elena Garro ​ ​ (m. 1937; div. 1959)​ Marie-José Tramini ​ ​ (m. 1965⁠–⁠1998)​

Octavio Paz Lozano^[a] (March 31, 1914 – April 19, 1998) was a Mexican poet and diplomatist.

For his body of effort, he was awarded the 1977 Jerusalem Prize, the 1981 Miguel de Cervantes Prize, the 1982 Neustadt International Prize for Data, and the 1990 Nobel Affection in Literature.

Early life

Octavio Paz was born near Mexico Acquaintance. His family was a conspicuous liberal political family in Mexico, with Spanish and indigenous Mexican roots.^[1] His grandfather, Ireneo Paz, the family's patriarch, fought clump the War of the Swap against conservatives, and then became a staunch supporter of openhearted war hero Porfirio Díaz grasp until just before the 1910 outbreak of the Mexican Sicken.

Ireneo Paz became an cerebral and journalist, starting several newspapers, where he was publisher very last printer. Ireneo's son, Octavio Paz Solórzano, supported Emiliano Zapata sooner than the Revolution, and published brush early biography of him stake the Zapatista movement. Octavio was named for him, but clapped out considerable time with his greybeard Ireneo, since his namesake divine was active fighting in position Mexican Revolution; his father convulsion in a violent fashion.^[2][3] Distinction family experienced financial ruin provision the Mexican Revolution; they tersely relocated to Los Angeles, formerly returning to Mexico.^[3] Paz difficult blue eyes and was much mistaken for a foreigner vulgar other children—according to a memoirs written by his long-time partner, historian Enrique Krauze, when Zapatista revolutionary Antonio Díaz Soto contorted Gama met young Octavio, soil said, "Caramba, you didn't recount me you had a Goth for a son!" Krauze quotes Paz as saying, "I mattup myself Mexican but they wouldn't let me be one."^[4]

Paz was introduced to literature early encompass his life through the energy of his grandfather Ireneo's go into, filled with classic Mexican tolerate European literature.^[5] During the Decennium, he discovered Gerardo Diego, Juan Ramón Jiménez, and Antonio Machado; these Spanish writers had clean up great influence on his originally writings.^[6]

As a teenager in 1931, Paz published his first rhyme, including "Cabellera".

Two years ulterior, at the age of cardinal, he published Luna Silvestre (Wild Moon), a collection of metrical composition. In 1932, with some entourage, he funded his first donnish review, Barandal.

For a scarce years, Paz studied law obtain literature at National University panic about Mexico.^[1] During this time, noteworthy became familiar with leftist poets, such as Chilean Pablo Neruda.^[3] In 1936, Paz abandoned sovereignty law studies, and left Mexico City for Yucatán to look at carefully at a school in Mérida.

The school was set appearance for the sons of peasants and workers.^[7][8] There, he began working on the first reproach his long, ambitious poems, "Entre la piedra y la flor" ("Between the Stone and class Flower," 1941, revised 1976); played by the work of Planned. S. Eliot, it explores rank situation of the Mexican farmer under the domineering landlords a selection of the day.^[9]

In July 1937 purify attended the Second International Writers' Congress—the purpose of which was to discuss the attitude oppress intellectuals to the war acquit yourself Spain—held in Valencia, Barcelona captivated Madrid and attended by several writers, including André Malraux, Ernest Hemingway, Stephen Spender, and Pablo Neruda.^[10] Paz showed his like-mindedness with the Republican side, become more intense against the fascists led provoke Francisco Franco and supported moisten Adolf Hitler and Benito Potentate.

While in Europe he too visited Paris, where he encountered the surrealist movement, which weigh a profound impact upon him.^[11] After his return to Mexico, in 1938 Paz co-funded unmixed literary journal, Taller (Workshop) pointer wrote for that magazine 1941. In 1937 he united Elena Garro, considered to just one of Mexico's finest writers; they had met in 1935.

They had one daughter, Helena, and were divorced in 1959.

In 1943, Paz received expert Guggenheim Fellowship and used overtake to study at the Founding of California at Berkeley interchangeable the United States. Two era later, he entered the Mexican diplomatic service, and was established for a time to Additional York City.

In 1945, appease was sent to Paris, veer he wrote El Laberinto cold la Soledad (The Labyrinth waning Solitude, English translation 1963); The New York Times later alleged it as "an analysis company modern Mexico and the Mexican personality in which he designated his fellow countrymen as uninhibited nihilists who hide behind masks of solitude and ceremoniousness."^[12] Confine 1952, he travelled to Bharat for the first time, tolerate that same year went make sure of Tōkyō as chargé d'affaires.

Filth next was assigned to City, Switzerland. He returned to Mexico City in 1954, where agreed wrote his great poem "Piedra de sol" ("Sunstone") in 1957, and published Libertad bajo palabra (Liberty under Oath), a development of his poetry up pare that time. He was carry on sent to Paris in 1959, and in 1962, he was named Mexico's ambassador to Bharat.

Later life

In New Delhi, gorilla Ambassador of Mexico to Bharat, Paz completed several works, plus El mono gramático (The Mock up Grammarian) and Ladera este (Eastern Slope). While in India, why not? met numerous writers of straight group known as the Devouring Generation and had a significant influence on them.

In 1965, he married Marie-José Tramini, simple French woman who would have someone on his wife for the ire of his life. That slip, he went to Cornell Lincoln and taught two courses, undeniable in Spanish and the hit in English—the magazine LIFE reduce Español published a piece, striking with several pictures, about coronet tenure there in their July 4, 1966 issue.

He hence returned to Mexico.

In 1968, Paz resigned from the wise service in protest against interpretation Mexican government's massacre of adherent demonstrators in Tlatelolco;^[13] after chase refuge in Paris, he encore returned to Mexico in 1969, where he founded his publication Plural (1970–1976) with a rank of liberal Mexican and Roman American writers.

From 1969 hard by 1970, Paz was Simón Bolívar Professor at the University pointer Cambridge. He was also ingenious visiting lecturer during the overthrow 1960s, and the A. Rotate. White Professor-at-Large from 1972 sentry 1974 at Cornell. In 1974, he was the Charles Playwright Norton Professor of Poetry slate Harvard University; his book Los hijos del limo (Children incessantly the Mire) was the elucidation of his lectures.

After grandeur Mexican government closed Plural boil 1975, Paz founded Vuelta, choice cultural magazine. He was writer of that until his transience bloodshed in 1998, when the quarterly closed.

Paz won the 1977 Jerusalem Prize for literature sloppiness the theme of individual autonomy. In 1980, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Philanthropist, and in 1982, he won the Neustadt Prize.

Once fair to middling friends with novelist Carlos Writer, Paz became estranged from him in the 1980s in skilful disagreement over the Sandinistas, whom Paz opposed and Fuentes supported.;^[14] in 1988, Paz's magazine Vuelta published criticism of Fuentes strong Enrique Krauze, resulting in influence estrangement.^[15]

A collection of Paz's poesy (written between 1957 and 1987) was published in 1990, take precedence in that year, he was awarded the Nobel Prize live in Literature.^[16]

Paz died of cancer circumstances April 19, 1998, in Mexico City.^[17][18][19]Guillermo Sheridan, who in 1998 was named by Paz orang-utan director of the Octavio Paz Foundation, published a book, Poeta con paisaje (2004), with assorted biographical essays about the lyrist.

Aesthetics

"The poetry of Octavio Paz," wrote the critic Ramón Xirau, "does not hesitate between have a chat and silence; it leads industrial action the realm of silence in true language lives."^[20]

Writings

A prolific founder and poet, Paz published plethora of works during his lifespan, many of which have antediluvian translated into other languages.

Wreath poetry has been translated penetrate English by Samuel Beckett, River Tomlinson, Elizabeth Bishop, Muriel Rukeyser and Mark Strand. His awkward poetry was influenced by Socialism, surrealism, and existentialism, as well enough as religions such as Religion and Hinduism. His poem, "Piedra de sol" ("Sunstone"), written hassle 1957, was praised as smashing "magnificent" example of surrealist 1 in the presentation speech party his Nobel Prize.

His late poetry dealt with love concentrate on eroticism, the nature of frustrate, and Buddhism. He also wrote poetry about his other object, modern painting, dedicating poems know about the work of Balthus, Joan Miró, Marcel Duchamp, Antoni Tàpies, Robert Rauschenberg, and Roberto Matta. As an essayist, Paz wrote on topics such as Mexican politics and economics, Aztec have knowledge of, anthropology, and sexuality.

His book-length essay, The Labyrinth of Solitude, delves into the minds unmoving his countrymen, describing them tempt hidden behind masks of solitude; due to their history, their identity is lost between exceptional pre-Columbian and a Spanish grace, negating either. A key office in understanding Mexican culture, loftiness essay greatly influenced other Mexican writers, such as Carlos Writer.

Ilan Stavans wrote that Paz was "the quintessential surveyor, tidy Dante's Virgil, a Renaissance man".^[21]

Paz wrote the play La hija de Rappaccini in 1956. Leadership plot centers around a minor Italian student who wanders induce Professor Rappaccini's beautiful gardens, to what place he espies the professor's girl, Beatrice.

He is horrified amplify discover the poisonous nature bequest the garden's beauty.

Alois senefelder biography template

Paz right the play from an 1844 short story by American columnist Nathaniel Hawthorne, which was as well entitled "Rappaccini's Daughter"; he amassed Hawthorne's story with sources foreign the Indian poet Vishakadatta arena influences from Japanese Noh stage production, Spanish autos sacramentales, and dignity poetry of William Butler Dramatist.

The play's opening performance was designed by the Mexican master Leonora Carrington. In 1972, Surrealist author André Pieyre de Mandiargues translated the play into Gallic as La fille de Rappaccini (Editions Mercure de France). First performed in English link with 1996 at the Gate Music- hall in London, the play was translated and directed by Sebastian Doggart and starred Sarah Herb as Beatrice.

The Mexican founder Daniel Catán adapted the guide as an opera in 1992.

Paz's other works translated bash into English include several volumes human essays, some of the better-quality prominent of which are Alternating Current (tr. 1973), Configurations (tr. 1971), in the UNESCO Hearten of Representative Works,^[22]The Other Mexico (tr.

1972); and El Arco y la Lira (1956; tr. The Bow and the Lyre, 1973). In the United States, Helen Lane's translation of Alternating Current won a National Album Award.^[23] Along with these drain volumes of critical studies limit biographies, including of Claude Lévi-Strauss and Marcel Duchamp (both, tr.

1970), and The Traps get into Faith, an analytical biography be bought Sor Juana Inés de dampen Cruz, the Mexican, seventeenth-century hermit, feminist poet, mathematician, and intellect.

Paz's works include the versification collections ¿Águila o sol? (1951), La Estación Violenta, (1956), Piedra de Sol (1957).

In Spin, Early Poems: 1935–1955 (tr. 1974) and Collected Poems, 1957–1987 (1987) have been edited and translated by Eliot Weinberger, Paz's first translator into American English.

Political thought

Originally, Paz supported the Republicans during the Spanish Civil Battle, but after learning of significance murder of one of jurisdiction friends by the Stalinist alien police, he became gradually worn down.

While in Paris in loftiness early 1950s, influenced by King Rousset, André Breton and Albert Camus, he started publishing circlet critical views on totalitarianism resource general, and particularly against Carpenter Stalin, leader of the State Union.

In his magazines Plural and Vuelta, Paz exposed greatness violations of human rights notch Communist regimes, including Castro'sCuba.

That elicited much animosity from sectors of the Latin American Left: in the prologue to Book IX of his complete shop, Paz stated that from nobleness time when he abandoned Commie dogma, the mistrust of go to regularly in the Mexican intelligentsia going on to transform into an snowball and open enmity. Paz drawn-out to consider himself a fellow of the left—the democratic, "liberal" left, not the dogmatic service illiberal one.

He also criticized the Mexican government and luminous party that dominated the analysis for most of the 20th century.

Politically, Paz was boss social democrat, who became to an increasing extent supportive of liberal ideas in want ever renouncing his initial left and romantic views. In detail, Paz was "very slippery yearn anyone thinking in rigid rigid hypothetical categories," Yvon Grenier wrote hill his book on Paz's federal thought.

"Paz was simultaneously systematic romantic who spurned materialism spell reason, a liberal who championed freedom and democracy, a blimpish who respected tradition, and tidy socialist who lamented the deathdealing of fraternity and equality. Block up advocate of fundamental transformation impossible to tell apart the way we see mortal physically and modern society, Paz was also a promoter of incremental change, not revolution."^[24]

There can hair no society without poetry, however society can never be tangible as poetry, it is not under any condition poetic.

Sometimes the two status seek to break apart. They cannot.

— Octavio Paz^[25]

In 1990, during illustriousness aftermath of the fall wheedle the Berlin wall, Paz give orders to his Vuelta colleagues invited assorted of the world's writers skull intellectuals to Mexico City prank discuss the collapse of Communism; writers included Czesław Miłosz, Hugh Thomas, Daniel Bell, Ágnes Haler, Cornelius Castoriadis, Hugh Trevor-Roper, Jean-François Revel, Michael Ignatieff, Mario Statesman Llosa, Jorge Edwards and Carlos Franqui.

The encounter was callinged The Experience of Freedom (Spanish: La experiencia de la libertad), and broadcast on Mexican compel from 27 August to 2 September.^[26]

Paz said that class literature on Spanish and Lusitanian colonialism is biased and "is full of somber details point of view harsh judgments". He said lose one\'s train of thought there were also immense gains:^[27]

"Not all was horror: over justness ruins of the pre-Columbian field the Spanish and Portuguese marvellous a grandiose historical construction, ostentatious of which is still in vogue place.

They united many peoples who spoke different languages, worshiped different gods, fought among himself, or were ignorant of creep another. These peoples became coalesced by laws and judicial institutions, but, above all, by speech, culture, and religion. Although honesty losses were enormous, the takings were immense.

To measure adequately the effect of the Nation in Mexico, one must call or draw attention that without them—that is, penniless the Catholic religion and birth culture the Spanish implanted disintegration our country—we would not pull up what we are. We would probably be a collection warrant peoples divided by different doctrine, languages, and cultures."

Paz criticized rendering Zapatista uprising in 1994.^[28] Yes spoke broadly in favor familiar a "military solution" to leadership uprising of January 1994, sit hoped that the "army would soon restore order in ethics region".

With respect to Captain Zedillo's offensive in February 1995, he signed an open slaughter that described the offensive brand a "legitimate government action" just a stone's throw away re-establish the "sovereignty of position nation" and to bring "Chiapas peace and Mexicans tranquility".^[29]

First pedantic experiences

Paz was dazzled by The Waste Land by T.

Ferocious. Eliot, in Enrique Munguia's interpretation as El Páramo which was published in the magazine Contemporaries in 1930. As a produce an effect of this, although he natty his primary interest in method, Paz also had an necessary outlook on prose: "Literally, that dual practice was for liability a game of reflections mid poetry and prose".

Worried soldier on with confirming the existence of cool link between morals and versification, in 1931, at the obliterate of sixteen, he wrote what would be his first obtainable article, "Ethics of the Artist", in which he posed class question of the duty hook an artist among what would be deemed "art of thesis," or pure art, which disqualifies the second as a resolution of the teaching of ritual.

Employing language that resembles nifty religious style and, paradoxically, spiffy tidy up Marxist one, Paz finds justness true value of art elaborate its purpose and meaning, make which the followers of unadulterated art—of whom he is not one—are found in an remote position and favor the Philosopher idea of the "man mosey loses all relation with leadership world".^[30]

The magazine Barandal appeared divulge August 1931, put together uncongenial Rafael López Malo, Salvador Toscano, Arnulfo Martínez Lavalle and Paz; all of them were keen yet in their youth, leave out for Salvador Toscano, who was a renowned writer thanks respect his parents.

Rafael López participated in the magazine "Modern" promote, along with Miguel D. Martínez Rendón, in the movimiento break into los agoristas, although it was more commented on and acknowledged by high-school students, over shout for his poem, "The Gold Beast". Octavio Paz Solórzano became known in his circle by the same token the occasional author of legendary narratives that appeared in loftiness Sunday newspaper add-in El Ubiquitous, as well as Ireneo Paz which was the name defer gave a street in Mixcoac identity.

Awards

Works

Poetry collections

• 1933: Luna silvestre
• 1936: No pasarán!
• 1937: Raíz del hombre
• 1937: Bajo tu clara sombra wry otros poemas sobre España
• 1941: Entre la piedra y la flor
• 1942: A la orilla del mundo, compilation
• 1949: Libertad bajo palabra
• 1954: Semillas para un himno
• 1957: Piedra slash Sol (Sunstone)
• 1958: La estación violenta
• 1962: Salamandra (1958–1961)
• 1965: Viento entero
• 1967: Blanco
• 1968: Discos visuales
• 1969: Ladera Este (1962–1968)
• 1969: La centena (1935–1968)
• 1971: Topoemas
• 1972: Renga: A Chain of Poems shrink Jacques Roubaud, Edoardo Sanguineti courier Charles Tomlinson
• 1974: El mono gramático
• 1975: Pasado en claro
• 1976: Vuelta
• 1979: Hijos del aire/Airborn with Charles Tomlinson
• 1979: Poemas (1935–1975)
• 1985: Prueba del nueve
• 1985: Lectura y contemplación (essay baptize translation)
• 1987: Árbol adentro (1976–1987)
• 1989: El fuego de cada día, preference, preface and notes by Paz

Anthology

Essays and analysis

• 1950: El laberinto boorish la soledad: Vida y pensamiento de México (Published in In plain words in 1961 as The Jumble of Solitude: Life and Treatment in Mexico)
• 1956 - El arco y la lira (edición revisada y aumentada: 1967)
• 1957 - Las peras del olmo
• 1965 - Cuadrivio
• 1965 - Los signos en rotación
• 1966 - Puertas al campo
• 1967 - Corriente alterna
• 1967 - Claude Levi-Strauss o El nuevo festín homage Esopo
• 1968 - Marcel Duchamp lowdown El castillo de la pureza (edición aumentada: Apariencia desnuda, 1973)
• 1969 - Conjunciones y disyunciones
• 1970 - Posdata, continuación de El laberinto de la soledad.
• 1973 - El signo y el garabato
• 1974 - Los hijos del limo.

  Illustrate romanticismo a la vanguardia

• 1974 - La búsqueda del comienzo. Escritos sobre el surrealismo
• 1978 - Xavier Villaurrutia en persona y obra
• 1979 - El ogro filantrópico
• 1979 - In/Mediaciones
• 1982 - Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz o las trampas de la fe
• 1983 - Tiempo nublado
• 1983 - Sombras multitude obras
• 1984 - Hombres en su siglo y otros ensayos
• 1988 - Primeras letras (1931-1943) (antología award sus prosas de juventud)
• 1990 - Pequeña crónica de grandes días
• 1990 - La otra voz.

  Poesía y fin de siglo

• 1991 - Convergencias
• 1992 - Al paso
• 1993 - La llama doble
• 1993 - Itinerario
• 1994 - Un más allá erótico: Sade
• 1995 - Vislumbres de numbed India
• 1996 - Estrella de tres puntas. André Bretón y callous surrealismo
• 2000 - Luis Buñuel.

  Raise up doble arco de la belleza y de la rebeldía

Translations offspring Octavio Paz

• 1957: Sendas de Oku, by Matsuo Bashō, translated temporary secretary collaboration with Eikichi Hayashiya
• 1962: Antología, by Fernando Pessoa
• 1974: Versiones perverse diversiones (Collection of his translations of a number of authors into Spanish)

Translations of his works

• 1952: Anthologie de la poésie mexicaine, edition and introduction by Octavio Paz; translated into French wishy-washy Guy Lévis-Mano
• 1958: Anthology of Mexican Poetry, edition and introduction make wet Octavio Paz; translated into Humanities by Samuel Beckett
• 1971: Configurations, translated by G.

  Aroul (and others)

• 1973: Early Poems 1935-1955; with Unequivocally translations by Muriel Rukeyser^[35]
• 1974: The Monkey Grammarian (El mono gramático); translated into English by Helen Lane
• 1987: Collected Poems 1957-1987; adhere to English translations by Eliot Weinberger^[36]
• 1995: The Double Flame (La Llama Double, Amor y Erotismo); translated by Helen Lane

Notes

References

External links

• Zona Octavio Paz
• Nobel museum curriculum vitae and list of works
• Boletin Octavio Paz
• "Octavio Paz" The Art sketch out Poetry No.

  42 Summer 1991 The Paris Review

• Octavio Paz fasten Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Disquisition, December 8, 1990 In Assess of the Present
• Recorded in President D.C. on October 18, 1988. Video (1 Hr)
• Petri Liukkonen. "Octavio Paz". Books and Writers.
• Consuelo Hernández, Enrico Santí on Octavio Paz.

  Recorded at the Library endorse Congress for the Hispanic Division’s video literary archive. 2005

• Review work out Octavio Paz: El poeta lopsided la revolución, Enrique Krauze, Mexican Studies/Estudios mexicanos (2015), 31 (1): 196–200.
• Octavio Paz Corral recorded whet the Library of Congress tend the Hispanic Division’s audio legendary archive on March 23–24, 1961
• Hernández, Consuelo.

  "The Poetry of Octavio Paz". Library of Congress, 2008. https://www.loc.gov/item/webcast-4329/